GOES-16 “Clean” Infrared Window (10.35 µm) and “Red” Visible (0.64 µm) images [click to play animation | MP4]

1-–minute Mesoscale Domain Sector GOES-16 (GOES-East) “Red” Visible (0.64 µm) and “Clean” Infrared Window (10.35 µm) images (above)  showed that Hurricane Ida gradually developed an eye, as the Category 1 storm intensified to Category 2 by 1800 UTC on 28 August 2021.

DMSP-17 SSMIS Microwave (85 GHz) image at 1235 UTC [click to enlarge]

Microwave (85 GHz) images from DMSP-17 (above) and DMSP-16 (below) — from the CIMSS Tropical Cyclones site — provided 2 views of the eye and eyewall structure at 1235 UTC and 2205 UTC, respectively.

DMSP-16 SSMIS Microwave (85 GHz) image at 2205 UTC [click to enlarge]

Ida was moving across very warm water (SST | OHC) — and was forecast to pass over an area of very high Ocean Heat Content associated with a warm eddy that was shed from the Gulf of Mexico’s Loop Current. Ida was also moving through an environment of low wind shear (below), which favored further intensification as it continued to approach the Louisiana coast.

GOES-16 Infrared images, with contours of deep-layer wind shear at 20 UTC [click to enlarge]

===== 29 August Update =====

GOES-16 “Clean” Infrared Window (10.35 µm) and “Red” Visible (0.64 µm) images [click to play animation | MP4]

Ida reached Category 4 intensity at 0600 UTC on 29 August; 1-minute GOES-16 Infrared and Visible images (above) depicted a well-defined eye during the hours leading up to the hurricane making landfall along the coast of Louisiana at 1655 UTC.

GMI Microwave imagery at 1510 UTC (below) portrayed a closed eye, with the heaviest precipitation located within the eastern semicircle of Ida.

GMI Microwave (85 GHz) image at 1510 UTC [click to enlarge]

A closer view of 1-minute GOES-16 Visible images (below) revealed the presence of low-level mesovortices within the eye of Ida — a feature often observed with high-intensity tropical cyclones. The mesovortices persisted as the hurricane moved inland, as Ida was slow to weaken. Just east of the eye, Galliano (KGAO) reported wind gusts as high as 85 knots (plot | text), before observations ceased after 21 UTC (presumably due to power outages).  A separate mesonet station at Galliano recorded a wind gust of 122 mph (NWS New Orleans tweet | plot); a ship reported a wind gust of 194 knots (tweet).

GOES-16 “Red” Visible (0.64 µm) images [click to play animation | MP4]

The MIMIC Total Precipitable Water product (below) showed that Ida was transporting rich tropical moisture northward across the central Gulf of Mexico coast of the US, raising a threat for flooding rainfall. 

MIMIC Total Precipitable Water product, 28-29 August [click to enlarge]

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At 1400 UTC on 27 August, strengthening tropical storm Ida sat south of Cuba, near the Isle of Youth, and is shown above in both visible and infrared imagery; brightness temperatures are as cold as -87 C in the image above. Note also that the surface circulation is southeast of the coldest cloud tops, perhaps as a result of the shear (click here; analysis from the CIMSS Tropical Website) over the system. (Added: Ida made landfall as a hurricane on the Isle of Youth at 1800 UTC).

Perhaps not surprisingly, the convection in/around the tropical cyclone is diagnosed by a Turbulence prediction product (developed using machine-learning incorporating water vapor imagery, GFS stability, and airline observations of EDR (eddy dissipation rate)) as a very likely region of turbulence. This turbulence product is also available online here (where turbulence observations are included) where it looks like this.

For more information on Hurricane Ida, including its potential threat to the central Gulf Coast late in the weekend, refer to the National Hurricane Center.

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The National Hurricane Center is issuing advisories on a strong Tropical Depression in the western Caribbean Sea, centered to the west of Jamaica — in the southeast corner of the image above. This system is at the edge of the observing capabilities from the CIMSS Direct Broadcast antenna, but the image above, created from that data stream, does show the very warm Gulf of Mexico waters over which the system is forecast to move (much of the orange/red enhancement shows temperatures at/above 30 C/86 F!)

AMSR-2 Microwave imagery from JAXA‘s GCOM-W1 satellite, below, shows an unorganized storm, but plenty of ongoing convection. At the time of this imagery (1802 UTC), the storm was centered near 17.5 N, 69.5 W.

More information on this system is available at the National Hurricane Center. When named, this storm will be Ida.

Ida was named shortly after 2100 UTC on 26 August. Day Night Band imagery at 0658 UTC on 27 August 2021, below, shows Ida south of Cuba, with indication of shear: the strong convection is displaced slightly to the northeast of the surface circulation (inferred by the curvature in the low-level cumulus). Ida at this time displayed no lightning activity (unlike the convection in the central Gulf of Mexico).

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The 2021 northern California wild fire season is still active. It is difficult to see smoke using the VIIRS SNPP day night band (0.7 micron) at night, but there are visible bright spots of the Caldor Fire near Lake Tahoe. The VIIRS I04 (3.74 micron) band shows bright spots of hot fires in northern California. Names of fires were taken from the CAL FIRE website here.

For smoke forecasts, the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories Global Systems Division runs the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) Smoke modeling system, which can be viewed here. Dynamics and physics come from the HRRR experimental model and fire emission information is from real-time satellite observations from VIIRS which is flown aboard NOAA-20 and Suomi-NPP.

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