Tropical Storm Melissa developed in the Caribbean Sea on 21 October 2025 — and 1-minute Mesoscale Domain Sector GOES-19 (GOES-East) Infrared and Visible images (above) showed that most of the deep convection (which often exhibited abundant GLM-detected lightning activity) remained west of Melissa’s surface center of circulation, due to moderate west-southwesterly deep-layer wind... Read More

1-minute Mesoscale Domain Sector GOES-19 (GOES-East) Visible images (above) showed Hurricane Humberto as it intensified from a Category 4 to a Category 5 storm on 27 September 2025 (Humberto became the second Category 5 storm in the Atlantic Basin this season — with Erin being the first). Low-altitude mesovortices were evident within... Read More

2.5-minute Target Sector JMA Himawari-9 Infrared images (above) showed Ragasa as it intensified from a Category 4 Typhoon at 0000 UTC on 21 September 2025 to a Category 5 (140-knot) Super Typhoon at 0600 UTC and then further to a 145-knot Super Typhoon by 1200 UTC (SATCON). There was a... Read More

5-minute CONUS Sector GOES-18 (GOES-West) Infrared images (above) revealed the exposed low-level circulation center (LLCC) of Tropical Storm Kiko as the system continued to weaken north of the Hawaiian island of Oahu, and downgraded to a Post-Tropical Cyclone at 1500 UTC on 10 September 2025. Clusters of deep convection developed north... Read More