1-minute Mesoscale Domain Sector GOES-19 (GOES-East) Infrared and Visible images (above) showed persistent deep convection (with sporadic lightning activity) near the center of circulation of Tropical Depression 2 (TD2), which developed in the Bay of Campeche (just off the coast of Mexico) around 2100 UTC on 28 June 2025. Periodic convective bursts contained overshooting tops that exhibited infrared brightness temperatures as cold as -80C (brighter white pixels embedded within darker black regions), but overall the system remained somewhat disorganized throughout the day.

A GOES-19 Visible image at 1619 UTC with an overlay of Metop-C ASCAT winds (below) depicted a surface circulation, with wind speeds in the 20-25 knot range within the southeast quadrant.

GOES-19 Infrared images with an overlay of deep-layer wind shear (below) indicated that TD2 was embedded within an environment of high wind shear, which was an unfavorable factor in terms of further intensification.

===== 29 June Update =====

By 1500 UTC on 29 June, TD2 had become better organized, and was named Tropical Storm Barry. For a short time, the partially exposed low-level circulation center was evident in 1-minute GOES-19 Visible images (above).

A DMSP-17 SSMIS Microwave image at 1301 UTC (below) showed no evidence of a closed eye structure, with only signatures of convection immediately south and east of the storm center.

As was the case during the previous day, TS Barry was still in an unfavorable environment characterized by high values of deep-layer wind shear (below).

On the other hand, the MIMIC Total Precipitable Water product (below) showed abundant moisture in the vicinity of TS Barry, which helped to sustain the development of deep convection near the storm center.

It is interesting to note that TD2 passed over a small patch of slightly warmer Sea Surface Temperature not long before intensifying to become TS Barry (below) — although it’s not clear what role (if any) this played in system intensification.

Wind Shear, Sea Surface Temperature, MIMIC TPW and DMSP Microwave images were sourced from the CIMSS Tropical Cyclones site.

View only this post Read Less

A cluster of wildfires was burning on both sides of the Northwest Territories / British Columbia border on 28 June 2025 — and 10-minute Full Disk scan GOES-18 (GOES-West) imagery (above) showed that the largest Northwest Territories wildfire produced a sizeable pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) cloud, beginning at 2230 UTC. As it drifted northward, the cold canopy of the pyroCb expanded along its west-to-east axis — exhibiting cloud-top infrared brightness temperatures in the -50s C (shades of red).

About 1.5 hours prior to pyroCb development, a NOAA-20 VIIRS True Color RGB image visualized using RealEarth (below) revealed the smoke plumes emanating from these wildfires. Significant values of Fire Radiative Power (larger, darker-red circles) were associated with the largest pyroCb-producing wildfire in the Northwest Territories.

View only this post Read Less

The summer solstice occurred on June 20th this year (2025). The summer solstice is the day with the longest period of daylight and the shortest night of the year in a given hemisphere, and marks the beginning of astronomical summer. In the Northern Hemisphere, it typically falls on June 20 or 21.

GOES satellite imagery provides a unique view of the earth as we pass through the various seasons. The angle of the shadow at sunrise or sunset (satellite time, or at the satellite nadir point) shows how earth progresses through the seasons from summer solstice to fall equinox. Watch the reflection of the sun migrate through the imagery, in this case from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere in this animation of GOES-East from the winter solstice (Dec 21, 2024) to the summer solstice (Jun 20, 2025).

Webapps about the Seasons

These images were made using NOAA data with geo2grid software, from UW-Madison, SSEC. T. Whittaker is thanked for the web apps.

View only this post Read Less

Total Precipitable Water (TPW) fields across the western Pacific (source), show a band of abundant moisture between 10^o and 20^o N latitude. In addition, the remnants of Sepat are moving to the north and east of Japan, and a tropical depression is making landfall over China to the north of Hainan Island. Do you expect tropical cyclogenesis from the rotation apparent in the MIMIC TPW fields centered near 138^oE and 15^oN?

Scatterometry data from MetopB and OSCAT, below (from here, and here, respectively) shows a circulation moving to the west, from about 141^oE to 139^oE in 12 hours.

NOAA-21 overflew Guam around 0345 UTC on 26 June, and the direct broadcast antenna at the NWS forecast office there acquired data used to create the images (created with CSPP software) below. ATMS rain rate data shows concentrated convection under a region of active convection to the west of Guam; parallel lines of convection are east and north of Guam.

Himawari-9 imagery (more-or-less centered on Guam), below, shows a region of convection associated with the circulation detected by scatterometry. (There are many other interesting features in this animation too!)

Mid-level water vapor imagery shows now distinct regions of mid-level dry air that could act to impede development of this system.

The Joint Typhoon Weather Center (JTWC) show this system as an invest (#97W). Imagery from this site shows the system in a narrow region of low shear.

Refer to the webpages of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center and JMA for more information on this system.

View only this post Read Less