NOAA was formed on October 3, 1970. To commemorate this date, a few GOES related figures. GOES has been around since 1975, although there were earlier non-operational versions operated by NASA, such as ATS.

H/T

These GOES-19 ABI are early images (preliminary and non-operational), beta stage. Both McIDAS-X and geo2grid software was used in generating these images, using data via the UW/SSEC Data Services. More about GOES-16 and GOES-18. T. Schmit works for NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, from Madison, Wisconsin.

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ABI

There are many examples of GOES monitoring the Moon’s shadow on the Earth. This example below occurred on October 2, 2024 and is the CIMSS true color RGB composite from the (Preliminary/Non-operational) GOES-19 ABI. A link to the mp4. And a loop that extends to 21 UTC. Another blog on GOES-19 ABI.

In general, images that have been Raleigh-corrected can make the region of the shadow appear larger. Two examples are below (SSEC GOES-West and East) and the CIRA geoColor.

SUVI

The SUVI also saw the Moon, as it passed in front of the Sun.

A 6-panel SUVI image from near 16 UTC.

More SUVI imagery are available from the SWPC and the UW/SSEC (including RGBs and daily 6-panels).

H/T

These GOES-19 ABI are early images (preliminary and non-operational), beta stage. Both McIDAS-X and geo2grid software was used in generating these images, using data via the UW/SSEC Data Services. More about GOES-16 and GOES-18. T. Schmit works for NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, from Madison, Wisconsin.

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As first hinted at in this blog post, the Community Satellite Processing Package for Geostationary Data (CSPP-Geo) (https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/csppgeo/ ) group at CIMSS has released a beta version of a unix-based package that computes LightningCast probabilities.  LightningCast (available online in real time for select regions) diagnoses the probability of a Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) observation of lightning within the next hour, given a suite of ABI Channels (Bands 2, 5, 13, 15, that is: 0.64 µm, 1.61 µm, 10.3 µm, 12.3 µm) or AHI Channels (Bands 3, 5, 13, 15; 0.64 µm, 1.61 µm, 10.4 µm, 12.3 µm).  Output is in the form of GeoJSON files, GR Placefiles, netCDF files (including AWIPS-compatible netCDFs), and imagery with lightning probability contours overlain on top (as shown above).  The software will also plot GLM Flash Extent Density fields if you have access to the gridded GLM fields (and CSPP Geo has a package that will create those if you don’t).  The package works on GOES-R CONUS/PACUS domains, or mesoscale domains, or within subsected regions of the Full Disk (provided the subsected region is smaller than about twice the size of the CONUS/PACUS domain).  The generated contours can also be parallax-corrected.

Access to the software does require a free log-in that supplies your email to the CSPP Geo team.  This email is used for follow-on support for things like updates and patches that might occur.  Download the package (from here) to a clean directory on your machine, un-tar it, and you’re ready to go.

The following (simple!) command, run in the directory created when the downloaded software package is un-tarred, created the image shown up top. Refer to the users’ manual for a complete set of commands. Note that the domain created — from 53^oW to 70^oW and 1^oN to 10^oN — is not available at the RealEarth instance.

./lightningcast --skip-geojson --make-dcp-image --ll-bbox -70.0 -53.0 1.0 10.0 /path_to_GOES16_Data/abi/L1b/RadF/*M6C02*s20242761420*

The software allows you (if you wish) to change the contour values from the defaults of 10/25/50/75. That is shown in the invocation that created the imagery beneath the code.

./lightningcast --skip-geojson --make-dcp-image --ll-bbox -70.0 -53.0 1.0 10.0 --probability-contours 1 2 5 50 90 --image-probability-colors "#00A5A5" "#00FFFF" "#00FF44" "#554400" "#FF1010"  /path_to_GOES16_Data/abi/L1b/RadF/*M6C02*s20242761420*

CSPP Geosphere imagery subsequent to the LightningCast Probabilities shown above is below. Where do you think lightning has occurred?

As noted above, the software package creates LightningCast probabilities with Himawari data as well, as along as you have access to Himawari HSD data. The following command created the imagery at the bottom. Note in all the invocations in the blog post that the file name specified resolves to one unique file. The software package will be able to resolve the other data needed from this one file name.

./lightningcast --skip-geojson --make-dcp-image --ll-bbox 110.0 130.0 -1.0 10.0   /path_to_HSD_Data/HS_H09_20241002_0500_B03_FLDK_R05_S0110.DAT

LightningCast software released is a beta version of the code. If you encounter unexpected behavior, please report it!

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NOAA and NASA recently released the first ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager) imagery from GOES-19. GOES-U was launched on June 25, 2024. The (Preliminary/Non-operational) GOES-19 ABI images on this page are from this very early stage. See the GOES-U launch as well the other GOES ABI monitored the rocket signature with rapid scan imagery), including the re-entry. GOES-19 is the final (fourth) in the GOES-R series and is currently located above the equator at approximately 90W. On October 1, 2024, NOAA declared the GOES-19 ABI to be at the beta stage. GOES-19 is slated to become NOAA’s operational GOES-East in early 2024 after going through extensive post-launch testing. A Satellite Liaison Blog post on early GOES-19 imagery. Also a post on the October 2, 2024 eclipse.

The above loop as an mp4. The ABI has 16 spectral bands, 2 in the visible, 4 in the near-infrared (or “near-visible”) and 10 in the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. There are also ABI band “fact sheets” in Spanish and French. Also included in the animation are several band combinations shown as RGBs. A similar loop as above, but only showing the ABI channels.

Another Full Disk view of the 16 spectral bands on August 30, 2024 of the ABI, as an mp4.

The “low-level” water vapor band (10) is very important. A loop showing a low over northern North America. The loop is from 18 UTC on August 30, 2024 to 01:50 UTC on August 31, 2024. (The loop at a slower speed.)

Fog in the river valleys in Pennsylvania and New York can be seen in the ABI “red” visible band (2).

The Great Lakes region, from GOES-19 ABI band 3.

Northern South America on September 4, 2024 showing the CIMSS true color RGB.

A full disk loop over 24 hours.

Pacific NorthWest and Smoke and Fog.

ABI 16-Panel

The ABI has 16 spectral bands, 2 in the visible, 4 in the near-infrared (or “near-visible”) and 10 in the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. GOES-19 image covering the contiguous United States collected by the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) in 16 spectral bands on September 30, 2024.  This 16-panel image shows the two visible, four near-infrared and 10 infrared channels on the ABI. The visible near-IR bands are gray-colored, while the infrared bands have the warmer brightness temperatures mapped to warmer colors. The different appearance of each band is due to how each band reflects or absorbs radiation.

The ABI scans two smaller meso-scale regions every 60 seconds, which provides 30-sec imagery if the regions overlap. These channels help forecasters and others distinguish phenomena such as clouds, water vapor, fires, smoke, dust, ice, land/sea surface temperatures and volcanic ash. The loop below shows fog/low clouds and smoke in southern California.

Also meso-scale sector of Hurricane Francine near the Gulf of Mexico. Note the imagery is every 30-seconds.

H/T

Thanks to the many (thousands) who made the GOES-19 ABI possible, including the instrument and spacecraft vendors. These GOES-19 ABI are early images (preliminary and non-operational, calibration improvements are possible. Both McIDAS-X and geo2grid software was used in generating these images, using data via the UW/SSEC Data Services. More about GOES-16 and GOES-18. T. Schmit works for NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, from Madison, Wisconsin.

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