An airmass change at Guam
![](https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/satellite-blog/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2023/04/HIMAWARI-9_AHI_airmass_20230404_0000_to_0406_1200anim.gif)
Himawari-9 Airmass RGB imagery, below, from 0000 on 4 April through 1200 UTC on 6 April 2023 (created using geo2grid) show a transition from a deep tropical airmass (deep green in the RGB with embedded clouds that are white) over the southern Marianas islands to one that is a bit dryer (more orange in the RGB). A meteorogram for the A. B. Won Pat International Airport on Guam, below, shows the transition that started around 1800 UTC on 4 April. In particular, the pressure increased from 1008 mb to around 1010 mb; winds shifted to northeast and then east (and strengthened); dewpoint temperatures dropped a couple degrees (oF). Guam is at 13.4° N; this airmass penetrated very deep into the tropics.
![](https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/satellite-blog/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2023/04/PGUM_METEOROGRAM_3APRIL_TO_6APRIL.gif)
What other satellite products showed this change? The Night Microphysics RGB, below, also shows a boundary moving south over the southern Marianas islands. As with the airmass RGB above, the boundary does not appear to move very far south of Guam.
![](https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/satellite-blog/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2023/04/HIMAWARI-9_AHI_night_microphysics_20230404_0000_to_20230406_12_by_12Step.gif)
Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) imagery from MetopB and MetopC (originally from this website, and combined into one image at this website that shows the most recent 1-week animation) also shows the expansion southward of strong northeasterly winds. On 3 April 2023, winds around Guam are light from the east or southeast. By 5 April 2023, strong northeasterly winds have expanded southward over the Marianas Islands.
![](https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/satellite-blog/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2023/04/ASCAT_MetopBMetopC_3_to_5April2022stepanim-1024x609.gif)
ASCAT winds ca. 1200 UTC on 6 April 2023, shown below, indicate strong convergence over Guam.
![](https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/satellite-blog/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2023/04/ASCATBandC_Ascending_1200UTC_6April2023-1024x450.png)
Gridded NUCAPS fields (available at this site) also show the stark differences across the Marianas Islands from north to south. The animation below shows 850-700 mb lapse rates (more stable over the northern Marianas), 400-200 mb lapse rates (more stable over the northern Marianas), Total Precipitable water (dryer over the northern Marianas) and 850-mb Temperatures (cooler over the northern Marianas). NUCAPS data can give very useful information within data voids (like the Western Pacific Ocean!)
![](https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/satellite-blog/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2023/04/20230406_0346_gridded_nucaps_noaa20_guam_stepthroughfields.gif)
MIMIC Total Precipitable Water fields over the western Pacific Ocean (from this site and archived here), below, from 0000 UTC on 1 April through 1200 UTC 6 April, show the dramatic southward motion of dry air over the northern Marianas that extend northeastward from Guam (at 13.4° N, 144.8° E).
![](https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/satellite-blog/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2023/04/comp20230401.0000_to_0406.1200_tpw_anim.gif)
Sandwich product imagery from this JMA website (scraped daily), below, shows parts of the western Pacific from 0000 UTC on 1 April through 5 April 2023. The storm responsible for dragging a front across the Marianas is apparent in the imagery starting around 3 April.