Anniversary of the Super Outbreak of 1974

By Tim Schmit • 3 April 2023

This year will mark the 50th anniversary of the “Super Outbreak” of April 1974. The event was unique for the number of tornado touchdowns, the number of F5 tornadoes, and the conditions that fostered their formation. Also unique is that the University of Wisconsin-Madison Space Science and Engineering Center recently digitized over 66,000 Applications Technology Satellite (ATS)-1 and -3 images from the late 1960s to early 1970s. These include ATS-3 visible images from April 3, 1974 that clearly show the development of the squall lines. ATS were experimental NASA geostationary satellites that carried the Spin Scan Cloud Camera. The camera, developed at SSEC, allowed for nearly continuous viewing of weather systems, like the Super Outbreak.

The 3-4 April 1974 Super Outbreak (NWS Wilmington OH | Wikipedia | Interacive WebMap | Monthly Weather Review) was one of the largest and most deadly tornado outbreaks on record in the United States. Several images from the ATS-3 satellite are shown below (thanks to the work of SSEC Satelite Data Services and Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences Library staff!). Large clusters of thunderstorms that produced the tornadoes are very apparent, along with a hazy plume of blowing dust that moved across much of North Texas.