HIGHS and LOWS

Air is also lifted around low pressure areas. Air pressure is the weight of the atmosphere above you. When there is a large area of low pressure, there is less air above and the air tends to rise. You can think about an area of high pressure like a pile of air pushing downward. Air around high pressure areas tends to sink and spread outward at the surface.

Another way to think about low and high pressure is to consider how and why the wind blows. Wind is air in motion. The wind blows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. Some of this is rising and sinking air (vertical) but most of the time when we talk about winds we are talking about horizontal motion along the surface. A forecast of south winds of 12 to 20 mph means the surface winds will be 12 to 20 miles per hour FROM the south.

The lines around high and low pressure on a weather map are called isobars, or lines of equal pressure. When they are close together it is very windy, when they are further apart, conditions are more calm. The wind around highs always blows in a clockwise direction. ("clockwise" refers to the direction that the hands on a clock tick) and winds around lows flows in the opposite direction, or counter-clockwise.

A large blue H is used to indicate the center of high pressure areas on maps while large red L's mark the center of low pressure

This image shows the general pattern of air flow around low and high pressure. Air is feeding into the center of a low at the surface in a counter-clockwise direction. When the air meets in the middle of a low, it has to rise (it can't dive down into the Earth) and as it cools clouds are formed. The opposite circulation occurs around highs with sinking air spreading out in a clockwise direction.

An L on a weather map shows where the weather action is. Low pressure regions always create clouds and usually precipitation because the rising air cools and the water vapor condenses. High pressure regions are usually associated with dry weather because as the air sinks it gradually warms up and the moisture evaporates.

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