{"id":57531,"date":"2024-03-05T12:14:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T12:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/?p=57531"},"modified":"2024-03-05T16:26:57","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T16:26:57","slug":"cold-temperatures-at-500-mb-over-hawaii-lead-to-heavy-rains","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/archives\/57531","title":{"rendered":"Cold Temperatures at 500 mb over Hawai&#8217;i lead to heavy rains"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"714\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 1138 \/ 714;\" width=\"1138\" controls loop src=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/goeswest_abi_radc_true_color_night_s20240304112119_e20240304155619_f54.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">GOES-West PACUS sector Night Microphysics RGB over the Hawai&#8217;ian Islands, 1121 &#8211; 1556 UTC on 4 March 2024<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Parts of the Hawaiian Islands have been placed under Flood Warnings on 4 March 2024 (<a href=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/FloodWarningMolokai_1330UTC_4March2024.png\">Link<\/a>).  Part of the reason for these heavy rains is unusually cold air aloft, at 500 mb.  The animation above (from the <a href=\"https:\/\/geosphere.ssec.wisc.edu\/#coordinate:0,0;satellite:goeswest;coverage:radc;\">CSPP Geosphere<\/a> site &#8212; a direct link to the animation is <a href=\"https:\/\/geosphere.ssec.wisc.edu\/#playing:true;coordinate:-2039209,2218907;zoom:6;satellite:goeswest;coverage:radc;num_frames:54;start_time:2024-03-04T11:21:19Z;timeframe:Start%20Time;\">here<\/a>) shows a characteristic color change in the Night Microphysics around the Hawai&#8217;ian islands as convective showers develop, from light pinks\/whites to red.  How cold are the temperatures at 500 mb that are helping support this convection?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/2024030200_0412.91165.skewt_.toggle.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/2024030200_0412.91165.skewt_.toggle.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-57536\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Upper-air sounding at Lihue, 0000 UTC on 2 March and 1200 UTC on 4 March 2024 (Click to enlarge)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Soundings at Lihue at 0000 UTC on 2 March and 1200 UTC 4 March (above, from the <a href=\"https:\/\/weather.uwyo.edu\/upperair\/sounding.html\">University of Wyoming sounding site<\/a>) show consistenly cold temperatures, at -14.7<sup>o<\/sup>C, although temperatures were warmer on 3 March, closer to -11<sup>o<\/sup>C.  The 500-mb temperatures on 4 March at 1200 UTC were colder than all but &lt;10% of the observations per the analysis below from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spc.noaa.gov\/exper\/soundingclimov2\/\">SPC Sounding analysis site<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/LihueSoundingT500Statistics_12z_4March2024.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"665\" src=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/LihueSoundingT500Statistics_12z_4March2024-1024x665.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-57537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/LihueSoundingT500Statistics_12z_4March2024-1024x665.png 1024w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/LihueSoundingT500Statistics_12z_4March2024-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/LihueSoundingT500Statistics_12z_4March2024-768x499.png 768w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/LihueSoundingT500Statistics_12z_4March2024.png 1366w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sounding statistics of 500-mb Temperatures at Lihue, Hawaii (Click to enlarge)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>NOAA-20 NUCAPS profiles give twice-daily estimates of thermodynamic variables over the Hawai&#8217;ian islands.  These profiles are an important data source over ocean regions where conventional data are otherwise rare. The analyses near 0000 and 1200 UTC on 4 March 2024, below, show the large extent of cold temperatures at 500 mb, with temperatures between -14 and -16<sup>o<\/sup>C just north of Kauai.  Temperatures are warmer over the big Island of Hawai&#8217;i.  Use NUCAPS profiles to monitor cold temperatures at 500 mb when unusual cold is ongoing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240303_234146_234643.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1577\" height=\"969\" src=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240303_234146_234643.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-57532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240303_234146_234643.png 1577w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240303_234146_234643-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240303_234146_234643-1024x629.png 1024w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240303_234146_234643-768x472.png 768w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240303_234146_234643-1536x944.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1577px) 100vw, 1577px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Gridded NUCAPS temperatures at 500 mb, ca. 2340 UTC on 3 March 2024 (Click to enlarge)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240304_120818_121618.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1577\" height=\"969\" src=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240304_120818_121618.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-57533\" style=\"width:1086px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240304_120818_121618.png 1577w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240304_120818_121618-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240304_120818_121618-1024x629.png 1024w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240304_120818_121618-768x472.png 768w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/NUCAPSGriddedT500-20240304_120818_121618-1536x944.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1577px) 100vw, 1577px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Gridded NUCAPS temperatures at 500 mb, ca. 1200 UTC on 4 March 2024 (Click to enlarge)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>The gridded NUCAPS fields above are from AWIPS.  You can also access them at this <a href=\"https:\/\/nucaps.ssec.wisc.edu\">RealEarth<\/a> site, and <a href=\"https:\/\/weather.ndc.nasa.gov\/cgi-bin\/sportPublishData.pl?dataset=griddednucaps&amp;product=web23_T500mb.png&amp;stamp=20240304_1128&amp;loc=hawaii#image\">at this site maintained by SPoRT<\/a>.  The animation below of imagery from the SPoRT site shows values from 1200 UTC 2 March through 1200 UTC 4 March.  Colder air overspread the western Hawaiian islands on the 4th.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/20240302_1206_to_0305_1110_gridded_nucaps_noaa20_hawaii_web23_T500mbstep.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1212\" height=\"582\" src=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2024\/03\/20240302_1206_to_0305_1110_gridded_nucaps_noaa20_hawaii_web23_T500mbstep.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-57565\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Gridded NUCAPS temperatures at 500 mb, 1206 UTC on 2 March &#8211; 1110 UTC on 5 March 2024 (Click to enlarge)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Parts of the Hawaiian Islands have been placed under Flood Warnings on 4 March 2024 (Link). Part of the reason for these heavy rains is unusually cold air aloft, at 500 mb. The animation above (from the CSPP Geosphere site &#8212; a direct link to the animation is here) shows a characteristic color change in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":57533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[114,16,78,83],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-goes-18","category-heavy-rain-flooding","category-noaa-20","category-nucaps"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57531","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57531"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57531\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57567,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57531\/revisions\/57567"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}