{"id":55868,"date":"2023-12-06T23:59:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T23:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/?p=55868"},"modified":"2023-12-08T21:40:30","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T21:40:30","slug":"water-vapor-imagery-sensng-the-surface-of-hawaii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/archives\/55868","title":{"rendered":"Water Vapor imagery sensng the surface of Hawai`i"},"content":{"rendered":"
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GOES-18 Low-level Water Vapor (7.3 \u00b5m), Mid-level Water Vapor (6.9 \u00b5m), and Upper-level Water Vapor (6.2 \u00b5m) images, from 0001 UTC on 06 December to 0101 UTC on 07 December  [click to play animated GIF | MP4<\/strong><\/a>]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

A sequence of 5-minute CONUS Sector GOES-18 (GOES-West)<\/em> Lower-level Water Vapor (7.3 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>), Mid-level Water Vapor (6.9 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>), and Upper-level Water Vapor (6.2 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>) images\u00a0(above)<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0revealed the diurnal cycle of nighttime cooling and daytime warming at the summits of\u00a0Mauna Kea<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Mauna Loa<\/strong><\/a> on the Big Island of Hawai\u2019i on 06 December 2023. This case is another example which helps to underscore the fact that Water Vapor spectral bands are essentially Infrared<\/strong> bands, which \u2014 in the absence of clouds, and in a dry atmosphere \u2014 can sometimes sense surface features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The presence of very dry air within most of the middle\/upper troposphere over Hawai\u2019i on 06 December had the effect of shifting the water vapor weighting functions<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0lower<\/strong>\u00a0altitudes, as seen on plots for the 3\u00a0ABI<\/strong><\/a> Water Vapor spectral\u00a0 bands calculated using rawinsonde data from Hilo PHTO (below)<\/strong><\/em>. This allowed thermal radiation from the higher terrain of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa to pass upward \u2014 with minimal attenuation \u2014 through what little high-altitude moisture was present, and reach the 7.3 \u00b5m \/ 6.9 \u00b5m \/ 6.2 \u00b5m detectors on the GOES-18 ABI instrument. The 2 mountain summits extend upward to near the 600 hPa pressure level — close to the level of peak weighting function contributions for Water Vapor spectral bands 09 and 10 — and to an altitude where there was still a contribution from the Band 08 weighting function, as calculated using the Hilo soundings.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Plots of weighting functions for GOES-18 Water Vapor spectral bands 08 (light brown), 09 (cyan) and 10 (dark brown), calculated using Hilo (PHTO) rawnsonde data at 0000 UTC on 06 December 2023 [click to enlarge]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Plots of weighting functions for GOES-18 Water Vapor spectral bands 08 (light brown), 09 (cyan) and 10 (dark brown), calculated using Hilo (PHTO) rawnsonde data at 1200 UTC on 06 December 2023 [click to enlarge]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Plots of weighting functions for GOES-18 Water Vapor spectral bands 08 (light brown), 09 (cyan) and 10 (dark brown), calculated using Hilo (PHTO) rawnsonde data at 0000 UTC on 07 December 2023 [click to enlarge]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A sequence of 5-minute CONUS Sector GOES-18 (GOES-West) Lower-level Water Vapor (7.3 \u00b5m), Mid-level Water Vapor (6.9 \u00b5m), and Upper-level Water Vapor (6.2 \u00b5m) images\u00a0(above)\u00a0revealed the diurnal cycle of nighttime cooling and daytime warming at the summits of\u00a0Mauna Kea\u00a0and\u00a0Mauna Loa on the Big Island of Hawai\u2019i on 06 December 2023. This case is another example […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":55870,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-interpretation","category-goes-18"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55868"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55868\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55886,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55868\/revisions\/55886"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}