{"id":48926,"date":"2022-11-30T17:02:34","date_gmt":"2022-11-30T17:02:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/?p=48926"},"modified":"2022-12-06T20:45:50","modified_gmt":"2022-12-06T20:45:50","slug":"sulfur-dioxide-emissions-from-mauna-loa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/archives\/48926","title":{"rendered":"Sulfur Dioxide emissions from Mauna Loa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a>
SO2<\/sub> (top) and Ash (bottom) RGBs over Mauna Loa, 2026 UTC on 29 November through 1156 UTC on 30 November 2022 (Click to enlarge)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

One of the gases emitted from the Mauna Loa eruption is SO2<\/sub>. The 0223 UTC 30 November update from this site<\/a> notes that emission rates of approximately 250,000 tonnes [sic] per day were measured on 28 November! What satellite products can be used to diagnose this gas qualitatively and quantitatively? There is an SO2<\/sub> RGB created with GOES-R channels, so GOES-17 and GOES-18 are available to monitor SO2<\/sub> qualitatively. The animation above shows both the SO2<\/sub> and Ash RGBs over Hawaii, at half-hourly intervals. The light green regions around and downstream of Mauna Loa highlight parts of the lower troposphere that are rich in SO2<\/sub>. (Here is the SO2<\/sub> RGB Quick Guide<\/a>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Longer animations using 5-minute images of GOES-17 Ash RGB and SO2 RGB imagery — from 1801 UTC on 29 November to 1501 UTC on 30 November — are shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n

<\/a>

GOES-17 Ash RGB and SO2 RGB images, from 1801 UTC on 29 November to 1501 UTC on 30 November (credit: Scott Bachmeier, CIMSS) [click to play animated GIF | MP4<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Total Sulfur Dioxide as measured by NOAA-20 NUCAPS Profiles, 0003 UTC on 30 November 2022 (Click to enlarge)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gridded NUCAPS fields available at this site<\/a> from SPoRT<\/a> include SO2 concentrations, as shown above. A minor increase in SO2 concentration is indicated. However, the Quality indicators <\/a>suggest that the NUCAPS retrievals over part of Hawai’i failed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NASA has a global SO2<\/sub> monitoring site here<\/a> that shows daily qualitative imagery from OMI (on board Aura), OMPS (on board Suomi-NPP) and Tropomi. OMI imagery is here<\/a>, OMPS imagery is here<\/a>, and TROPOMI imagery is here<\/a>. (Note that the TROPOMI imagery is not processed as quickly as OMI and OMPS imagery). The OMPS images for 28 and 29 November, shown below, show values off the scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
SO2<\/sub> concentrations as measured by the OMPS instrument on Suomi NPP, 28 and 29 November 2022 (Click to enlarge)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

SO2<\/sub> concentrations\/distributions from OMI on Aura<\/a> and OMPS on Suomi NPP<\/a> are also available at NASA Worldview<\/a> as shown below. OMPS imagery is available more quickly at NASA Worldview. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
NASA Worldview image of Suomi NPP True-Color from VIIRS and SO2<\/sub> concentration from OMPS, 29 November 2022 (click to enlarge)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The toggle below compares OMI (Aura) and OMPS (NPP) estimates of SO2<\/sub> concentration on 28 November. Aura and NPP have similar orbits so there is little time difference between the two observations. Both show values greater than 32 DU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
OMI and OMPS estimates of SO2<\/sub> concentration on 28 November 2022 (Click to enlarge)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

The JStar Mapper also shows SO2 concentration <\/a>(from Suomi NPP OMPS) on top of Suomi NPP VIIRS True-Color imagery, as shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Suomi NPP True Color Imagery and Ozone Concentration from VIIRS, 28 November 2022 (Click to enlarge)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

One of the gases emitted from the Mauna Loa eruption is SO2. The 0223 UTC 30 November update from this site notes that emission rates of approximately 250,000 tonnes [sic] per day were measured on 28 November! What satellite products can be used to diagnose this gas qualitatively and quantitatively? There is an SO2 RGB […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":48931,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,45,49,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-other-satellites","category-redgreenblue-rgb-images","category-suomi_npp","category-volcanic-activity"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48926"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48926\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49009,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48926\/revisions\/49009"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}