{"id":47984,"date":"2022-09-20T19:57:20","date_gmt":"2022-09-20T19:57:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/?p=47984"},"modified":"2022-09-21T13:36:44","modified_gmt":"2022-09-21T13:36:44","slug":"atmospheric-bore-structure-over-wisconsin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/archives\/47984","title":{"rendered":"Atmospheric Bore structure over Wisconsin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"932\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 1360 \/ 932;\" width=\"1360\" controls loop muted src=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/G16VIS-20220920_1056_to_1911ANIM.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption>GOES-16 Visible imagery (0.64 ), 1056 &#8211; 1911 UTC on 20 September 2022<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>GOES-16 Visible Imagery, in the mp4 animation above (click <a href=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/G16VIS-20220920_1056_to_1911ANIM.gif\">here for an animated gif<\/a>), shows convection initially over central Wisconsin at sunrise moving eastward over Lake Michigan into lower Michigan.  In its wake, cloud lines extending east-west move southward into southward Wisconsin.  Parallel lines such as these are typically associated with atmospheric bores, previously discussed many times on this blog (<a href=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/?s=atmospheric+bore\">link<\/a>).  A bore is usually associated with stable air; note how the convective line over southwestern WI at <a href=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/G16VIS-20220920_150117.png\">around 1500 UTC<\/a> dissipates <a href=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/G16VIS-20220920_162617.png\">after 1600 UTC<\/a> as it encounters the stable air associated with the bore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LightningCast Probabilities are consistent with the southern convective line encountering air that is more stable, as shown above in an animation that pauses at 1506 UTC;  lightning probabilities decrease with the southern line as they increase with the northern line that eventually sweeps southward through southern Wisconsin, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spc.noaa.gov\/climo\/reports\/220920_rpts.html\">producing hail<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1018\" height=\"933\" src=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/G16Vis_LightningCast_GLMFED_-20220920_1331_to_1801anim.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-47990\" \/><figcaption>GOES-16 Visible imagery overlain with ProbSevere LightningCast probabilities and GLM Flash Extent Density, 1331 -1801 UTC on 20 September 2022 (Click to enlarge)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">1-minute Mesoscale Doman Sector <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NOAASatellites?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NOAASatellites<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/GOES16?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GOES16<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/GOESeast?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GOESeast<\/a> Visible images showed an undular bore &#8211; generated by low-level thunderstorm outflow &#8211; which propagated southward across Wisconsin into Illinois: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/Vos4rmWhFI\">https:\/\/t.co\/Vos4rmWhFI<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NWSMilwaukee?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NWSMilwaukee<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NWSChicago?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NWSChicago<\/a>  <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/WIwx?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#WIwx<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/ILwx?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ILwx<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/oxHqIixxIw\">pic.twitter.com\/oxHqIixxIw<\/a><\/p>&mdash; Scott Bachmeier (@CIMSS_Satellite) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/CIMSS_Satellite\/status\/1572329419808841729?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 20, 2022<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>NOAA-20 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssec.wisc.edu\/datacenter\/polar_orbit_tracks\/data\/JPSS-1\/2022\/2022_09_20_263\/NA.gif\">overflew this region<\/a> shortly after 1900 UTC on 20 September.  The gridded <a href=\"https:\/\/weather.msfc.nasa.gov\/cgi-bin\/sportPublishData.pl?dataset=griddednucaps&amp;product=web14b_LR850.png&amp;stamp=20220920_1916&amp;loc=conus#image\">850-700 mb lapse rate<\/a>, below, from <a href=\"https:\/\/weather.msfc.nasa.gov\/cgi-bin\/sportPublishData.pl?dataset=griddednucaps\">this site<\/a>, shows a region of more stable air over\/around Chicago and southern Lake Michigan that is perhaps residual stability related to the bore feature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/20220920_1916_gridded_nucaps_noaa20_conus_web14b_LR850.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"502\" src=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/20220920_1916_gridded_nucaps_noaa20_conus_web14b_LR850-1024x502.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-47996\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/20220920_1916_gridded_nucaps_noaa20_conus_web14b_LR850-1024x502.png 1024w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/20220920_1916_gridded_nucaps_noaa20_conus_web14b_LR850-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/20220920_1916_gridded_nucaps_noaa20_conus_web14b_LR850-768x376.png 768w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/20220920_1916_gridded_nucaps_noaa20_conus_web14b_LR850.png 1206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Diagnosed 850-700 mb stability from NOAA-20 NUCAPS profiles, ca. 1915 UTC on 20 September 2022 (click to enlarge)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shout-out to Rebecca, a forecaster at WFO GRB, for also noticing these lines!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The thunderstorms were followed by mammatus clouds over Madison, as shown in the image below, courtesy Bill Bellon, UW-Madison SSEC\/CIMSS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/MadisonMammatus_20September2022_BillBellon.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/MadisonMammatus_20September2022_BillBellon-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-48005\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/MadisonMammatus_20September2022_BillBellon-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/MadisonMammatus_20September2022_BillBellon-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/MadisonMammatus_20September2022_BillBellon-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/MadisonMammatus_20September2022_BillBellon-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/09\/MadisonMammatus_20September2022_BillBellon-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Mammatus clouds over Madison WI, 19 September 2022 (Click t0 enlarge).  Photo Credit: Bill Bellon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>TL;DR:  Departing convection put down stable layer defined by atmospheric bore.  Convection encountering this stable layer dissipated.  Stronger convection moved in later, depositing hail.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GOES-16 Visible Imagery, in the mp4 animation above (click here for an animated gif), shows convection initially over central Wisconsin at sunrise moving eastward over Lake Michigan into lower Michigan. In its wake, cloud lines extending east-west move southward into southward Wisconsin. Parallel lines such as these are typically associated with atmospheric bores, previously discussed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":47992,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[74,115,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-goes-16","category-lightningcast","category-severe-convection"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47984","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47984"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47984\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48045,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47984\/revisions\/48045"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47984"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}