{"id":36243,"date":"2020-04-12T23:59:21","date_gmt":"2020-04-12T23:59:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/?p=36243"},"modified":"2022-01-27T16:35:47","modified_gmt":"2022-01-27T16:35:47","slug":"outbreak-of-severe-thunderstorms-across-the-deep-south","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/archives\/36243","title":{"rendered":"Outbreak of severe thunderstorms across the Deep South"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m)<\/em> images [click to play animation | MP4<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/div>A major outbreak of severe thunderstorms (SPC Storm Reports<\/strong><\/a>) occurred across the Deep South on 12 April 2020<\/strong><\/a>. 1-minute Mesoscale Domain Sector<\/strong><\/a> GOES-16 (GOES-East)<\/em> “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>) images (above)<\/strong><\/em> showed the development and propagation of deep convection during the 1200-2359 UTC period. The corresponding GOES-16 “Clean” Infrared Window (10.35 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>) images are shown below.<\/p>\n

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 “Clean” Infrared Window (10.35 \u00b5m)<\/em> images [click to play animation | MP4<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/div>Some of the strongest long-track tornadoes occurred in southern Mississippi — a closer view of GOES-16 Visible, Infrared and Visible\/Infrared Sandwich Red-Green-Blue (RGB) images (below)<\/strong><\/em> revealed the pulsing nature of overshooting tops — which exhibited cloud-top infrared brightness temperatures as cold as -77\u00baC at 2038-2039 UTC, about 35 minutes prior to the destructive tornado that moved through Bassfield<\/span> — and well defined “enhanced-v” signatures were apparent in the Infrared and RGB imagery, with that signature’s warm wake immediate downwind (east) of the overshooting tops indicating the likely presence of Above-Anvil Cirrus Plumes<\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m ),<\/em> “Clean” Infrared Window (10.35 \u00b5m)<\/em> and Visible\/Infrared Sandwich RGB images [click to play animation | MP4<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/div>\n

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m)<\/em> images, with time-matched SPC Storm Reports plotted in red [click to play animation | MP4<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/div>1-minute GOES-16 Visible images (above)<\/strong><\/em> and Infrared images (below)<\/strong><\/em> include plots of time-matched SPC Storm Reports.<\/p>\n

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 “Clean” Infrared Window (10.35 \u00b5m)<\/em> images, with time-matched SPC Storm Reports plotted in cyan [click to play animation | MP4<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/div>NOAA\/CIMSS ProbSevere<\/a> is a tool that could have been used during this outbreak to identify which radar cells were most likely to produce severe weather.  The image below, from here<\/a>, shows the reports of severe weather, the warning polygons, and ProbSevere locations (a closer view of the Mississippi tornadoes can be seen here<\/strong><\/a>).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Severe weather reports from 12 April 2020 (Green: Hail; Blue: Wind; Red: Tornado), NWS Warning Polygons and ProbSevere locations (plotted as boxes when ProbSevere exceeded 50% (Click to enlarge)<\/p><\/div>\n

===== 14 April Update =====<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m)<\/em> and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index images [click to enlarge]<\/p><\/div>Southwest-to-northeast oriented tornado damage paths in southern Mississippi were evident in a toggle between GOES-16 Visible and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) images (above)<\/strong><\/em>. NDVI values within the damage path were generally 0.6, compared to 0.7-0.8 in adjacent areas. According the the NWS Jackson storm survey<\/strong><\/a>, the maximum path width of the longest-track (~67 mile) EF-4 tornado that began near Bassfield was about 2 miles — the widest ever measured in Mississippi, and one of the widest tornado damage paths ever measured in the US.<\/p>\n

In a toggle between Aqua MODIS NDVI and Land Surface Temperature (LST) images (below)<\/strong>,<\/em> LST values were 5-10\u00baF warmer — low 80s F, darker shades of red —  within the tornado damage path, compared to areas adjacent to the path.<\/p>\n

\"Aqua<\/a>

Aqua MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Land Surface Temperature images [click to enlarge]<\/p><\/div>The tornado damage paths were also apparent in a comparison of before (26 March) and after (14 April) Aqua MODIS True Color RGB images (below)<\/strong><\/em> from the MODIS Today<\/strong><\/a> site. Note that 2 smoke plumes were seen on the 26 March image.<\/p>\n

\"Aqua<\/a>

Aqua MODIS True Color RGB images from 26 March and 14 April [click to enlarge]<\/p><\/div>True <\/a>and False-color<\/a> imagery from NOAA-20 (from this (temporary) website<\/a>) also show the damage path.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

True- and False-Color imagery from the afternoon NOAA-20 overpass on 14 April 2020 (Click to enlarge)<\/p><\/div>\n

NOAA-20 True Color RGB imagery of the Mississippi EF-4 tornado damage path that had a maximum with of 2 miles is shown below, using RealEarth<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"NOAA-20<\/a>

NOAA-20 VIIRS True Color RGB image, including county outlines and map labels [click to enlarge]<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

A StoryMap of this event in South Carolina, created by the NWS in Columbia SC<\/a>, is here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A major outbreak of severe thunderstorms (SPC Storm Reports) occurred across the Deep South on 12 April 2020. 1-minute Mesoscale Domain Sector GOES-16 (GOES-East) “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m) images (above) showed the development and propagation of deep convection during the 1200-2359 UTC period. The corresponding GOES-16 “Clean” Infrared Window (10.35 \u00b5m) images are shown below. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":36248,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[70,74,12,78,59,53,45,3,48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aqua","category-goes-16","category-modis","category-noaa-20","category-probsevere","category-real-earth","category-redgreenblue-rgb-images","category-severe-convection","category-viirs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36243","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36243"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44400,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36243\/revisions\/44400"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}