{"id":33578,"date":"2019-06-21T23:59:04","date_gmt":"2019-06-21T23:59:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/?p=33578"},"modified":"2019-06-29T21:01:42","modified_gmt":"2019-06-29T21:01:42","slug":"eruption-of-the-raikoke-volcano-in-the-kuril-islands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/archives\/33578","title":{"rendered":"Eruption of the Raikoke volcano in the Kuril Islands"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Himawari-8<\/a>

Himawari-8 False Color RGB images [click to play animation | MP4<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/div>For the first time since 1924, a major eruption of the Raikoke<\/strong><\/a> volcano occurred around 1800 UTC on 21 June 2019. Himawari-8 False Color Red-Green-Blue (RGB) images from the NOAA\/CIMSS Volcanic Cloud Monitoring<\/strong><\/a> site (above)<\/strong><\/em> showed — via the brighter yellow areas — that a large portion of the volcanic plume was rich in both ash and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The Tokyo VAAC<\/strong><\/a> estimated the maximum ash height to be 43,000 feet<\/strong><\/a> (~13 km) above ground level — and CALIPSO CALIOP data indicated a maximum ash height around 12 km shortly after 02 UTC<\/strong><\/a> on 22 June (between 45-50\u00ba N latitude and 159-161\u00ba E longitude).<\/p>\n

A comparison of an Aqua MODIS False Color RGB<\/strong><\/a> image with the corresponding Ash Height<\/strong><\/a>, Ash Loading<\/strong><\/a> and Ash Effective Radius<\/strong><\/a> retrieved products at 0310 UTC on 22 June (below)<\/strong> <\/em>indicated maximum ash height values of 18-20 km (black pixels) <\/em>immediately downwind of the eruption site. Maximum Himawari-8 Ash Height<\/strong><\/a> values were in the 16-18 km range.<\/p>\n

\"Aqua<\/a>

Aqua MODIS False Color RGB image with Ash Height, Ash Loading and Ash Effective Radius retrieved products [click to enlarge]<\/p><\/div>In a comparison of Himawari-8 Upper-level (6.2 \u00b5m), Mid-level (6.9 \u00b5m) and Low-level (7.3 \u00b5m) Water Vapor images (below)<\/strong>,<\/em> since the 7.3 \u00b5m spectral band is also sensitive to SO2 absorption<\/strong><\/a>, those images showed a good signature of the leading filament of volcanic SO2 as it was transported east-southeastward over the North Pacific Ocean.<\/p>\n

\"Water<\/a>

Water Vapor images from Himawari-8: Upper-level (6.2 \u00b5m, top),<\/em> Mid-level (6.9 \u00b5m, middle)<\/em> and Low-level (7.3 \u00b5m, bottom)<\/em> [click to play animation | MP4<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/div>Similarly, the GOES–17 (GOES-West)<\/em> Low-level Water Vapor (7.3 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>) images also showed the filament of volcanic SO2 that was being drawn into the circulation of a Gale Force Low south of the Aleutian Islands. As a result, the Anchorage VAAC<\/strong><\/a> issued aviation Volcanic Ash Advisories<\/strong><\/a> that covered large areas of the North Pacific Ocean and southern Bering Sea; they continued to estimate the maximum ash height to be 43,000 feet<\/strong><\/a>. Around 16 UTC<\/strong><\/a> on 22 June, CALPSO CALIOP data sampled a small portion of the ash at an altitude near 17 km (between 45-50\u00ba N latitude, 155-157\u00ba W longitude).<\/p>\n

\"Water<\/a>

Water Vapor images from GOES-17: Upper-level (6.2 \u00b5m, top),<\/em> Mid-level (6.9 \u00b5m, middle)<\/em> and Low-level (7.3<\/em> \u00b5m, bottom)<\/em> [click to play animation | MP4<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/div>VIIRS True Color RGB and Infrared Window (11.45 \u00b5m) images from NOAA-20 and Suomi NPP as viewed using RealEarth<\/strong><\/a> are shown below at approximately 01 UTC<\/strong><\/a>, 02 UTC<\/strong><\/a> and 03 UTC<\/strong><\/a> on 22 June. The combination of True Color and Infrared imagery indicated that volcanic ash was present a multiple altitudes.<\/p>\n

\"VIIRS<\/a>

VIIRS True Color RGB and Infrared Window (11.45 \u00b5m)<\/em> images from NOAA-20 and Suomi NPP at 01, 02 and 03 UTC on 22 June [click to enlarge]<\/p><\/div>Due to the highly-oblique satellite viewing angle of GOES-17, multiple Raikoke eruption pulses of significant vertical extent were clearly evident in GOES-17 “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>) images (below)<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"GOES-17<\/a>

GOES-17 “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m)<\/em> images [click to play animation | MP4<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/div>A somewhat less oblique view from the west was provided by the NSMC<\/strong><\/a> FY-2G satellite (below)<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"NSMC<\/a>

NSMC FY-2G Visible (0.73 \u00b5m)<\/em> images [click to play animation | MP4<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/div>Himawari-8 “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m) images (below)<\/strong><\/em> provided another interesting view of the multiple eruption pulses — and since the eruption began around 5 AM local time, long early morning shadows were cast by the initial bursts of tall volcanic clouds. A faster animation<\/strong><\/a> revealed shock waves propagating radially outward from the eruption site.<\/p>\n

\"Himawari-8<\/a>

Himawari-8 “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m)<\/em> images [click to play animation | MP4<\/strong><\/a>]<\/p><\/div>
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?Sound on!
Hear #Raikoke<\/a>'s roar – Himawari satellite imagery of the June 21 #Raikoke<\/a> #eruption<\/a> (from @CIMSS_Satellite<\/a>) with time-synched remote infrasound (from Robin Matoza at @ucsantabarbara<\/a>) sped-up to be audible to humans. @C_MarieSmith<\/a> @volcano_diana<\/a> @CIDER_DeepEarth<\/a> pic.twitter.com\/wdeIZYBkn2<\/a><\/p>\n

— Simon Carn (@simoncarn) June 29, 2019<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n