{"id":29316,"date":"2018-08-15T23:59:49","date_gmt":"2018-08-15T23:59:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/?p=29316"},"modified":"2024-06-24T18:13:04","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T18:13:04","slug":"severe-thunderstorms-in-south-dakota-and-nebraska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/archives\/29316","title":{"rendered":"Severe thunderstorms in South Dakota and Nebraska"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m)<\/em> images, with time-matched (+\/- 3 minutes) SPC Storm Reports plotted in red [click to play MP4 animation]<\/p><\/div>1-minute Mesoscale Domain Sector<\/strong><\/a> GOES-16 (GOES-East)<\/em> “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>) images (above)<\/strong><\/em> showed the development of thunderstorms which produced large hail and damaging winds across parts of southwestern South Dakota and western\/central Nebraska (SPC Storm Reports<\/strong><\/a>) on 15 August 2018<\/strong><\/a>. The dominant storm in Nebraska exhibited a well-defined Above Anvil Cirrus Plume (AACP), which is often an indicator of a storm producing severe weather such as tornadoes, large hail or damaging wind (reference<\/strong><\/a>). Also note the slow-moving parallel bands of boundary layer wave clouds or “billow clouds<\/strong><\/a>” in northwestern Nebraska — this is a signature of warmer air flowing along the top of a low-level temperature inversion (caused by a pool of cold outflow from earlier thunderstorms). A stereoscopic view of this convection (using GOES-16 and GOES-17 visible images) can be seen here<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

The corresponding GOES-16 Mid-level Water Vapor (6.9 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>) images (below)<\/strong><\/em> better revealed the broad circulation of a middle-tropospheric low that was centered over South Dakota (500 hPa analysis<\/strong><\/a>).<\/p>\n

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 Mid-level Water Vapor (6.9 \u00b5m)<\/em> images, with time-matched (+\/- 3 minutes) SPC Storm Reports plotted in red [click to play MP4 animation]<\/p><\/div>
\n

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 “Clean” Infrared Window (10.3 \u00b5m)<\/em> images, with time-matched (+\/- 3 minutes) SPC Storm Reports plotted in purple [click to play MP4 animation]<\/p><\/div>GOES-16 “Clean” Infrared Window (10.3 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>) images (above)<\/strong><\/em> showed that the coldest cloud-top infrared brightness temperatures associated with thunderstorm overshooting tops were around -60\u00baC (darker red enhancement)<\/em> — slightly warmer than that of the tropopause on rawinsonde data from North Platte, Nebraska (below)<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"Plots<\/a>

Plots of rawinsonde data from North Platte, Nebraska at 12 UTC on 15 August and 16 August [click to enlarge]<\/p><\/div>Regarding the AACP feature, in this case the plume was colder<\/strong> than the adjacent underlying thunderstorm anvil, as seen in a toggle between GOES-16 Visible and Infrared images at 0005 UTC — when the storm produced a wind gust of 70 mph at the surface (below)<\/strong><\/em>. The temperature profile and lapse rate of the upper tropospheric\/lower stratospheric air directly above the thunderstorm overshooting top will have an influence on whether an AACP is warmer or colder than the underlying thunderstorm anvil surface.<\/p>\n

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m) and “Clean” Infrared Window (10.3 \u00b5m) images at 0005 UTC [click to enlarge]<\/p><\/div>Finally, when trying to correlate the location of storm-top satellite image features with reports of hail\/wind\/tornadoes at the surface, it is important to factor in the effect of parallax<\/strong><\/a>. The GOES-16 satellite (positioned over the Equator at 75.2\u00ba W longitude) viewing angle for the North Platte area is 54 degrees — which has the effect of shifting the apparent location of storm-top features to the northwest<\/strong> of their true location over the Earth’s surface. The pair of image toggles shown below demonstrate how the “parallax-corrected” (northwest-shifted) location of the hail or wind reports more closely aligns with the cold overshooting top (orange to red enhancement)<\/em> associated with the strongest storm updraft at that time.<\/p>\n

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 “Clean” Infrared Window (10.3 \u00b5m)<\/em> image at 2234 UTC, with the actual and “parallax-corrected” locations of a 2.75-inch hail report [click to enlarge]<\/p><\/div>\n

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 “Clean” Infrared Window (10.3 \u00b5m)<\/em> image at 0005 UTC, with the actual and “parallax-corrected” locations of a 70 mph wind gust report [click to enlarge]<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1-minute Mesoscale Domain Sector GOES-16 (GOES-East) “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m) images (above) showed the development of thunderstorms which produced large hail and damaging winds across parts of southwestern South Dakota and western\/central Nebraska (SPC Storm Reports) on 15 August 2018. The dominant storm in Nebraska exhibited a well-defined Above Anvil Cirrus Plume (AACP), which is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":29327,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[74,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-goes-16","category-severe-convection"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29316"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29316\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60085,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29316\/revisions\/60085"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}