{"id":24327,"date":"2017-07-04T23:59:15","date_gmt":"2017-07-04T23:59:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/?p=24327"},"modified":"2017-07-19T15:37:07","modified_gmt":"2017-07-19T15:37:07","slug":"hail-damage-swath-in-south-dakota-and-minnesota","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cimss.ssec.wisc.edu\/satellite-blog\/archives\/24327","title":{"rendered":"Hail damage swath in South Dakota and Minnesota"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"SPC<\/a>

SPC storm report plots, from 12 UTC on 21 June to 12 UTC on 22 June 2017 [click to go to SPC storm reports list]<\/p><\/div>* GOES-16 data posted on this page are preliminary, non-operational and are undergoing testing *<\/em><\/p>\n

As seen on the map of SPC storm reports<\/strong><\/a> from 21 June 2017<\/strong><\/a> (above),<\/em><\/strong> nighttime thunderstorms (during the pre-dawn hours of 22 June) produced a swath of hail (as large as 2.0 inches in diameter)<\/em> that damaged emerging crops at some locations across eastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota (NWS Aberdeen summary<\/strong><\/a>).<\/p>\n

Nearly 2 weeks later, on 04 July, the hail damage swath was still apparent on GOES-16 imagery. In a comparison of “Blue” Visible (0.47 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>), “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>) and Near-Infrared “Vegetation” (0.86 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a> ) images (below),<\/strong><\/em> the northwest-to-southeast oriented hail damage swath was best seen on the 0.64 \u00b5m imagery (in part due to its higher spatial resolution, which is 0.5 km at satellite sub-point); healthy vegetation is more reflective at 0.86 \u00b5m, so the crop-damaged hail swath appears slightly darker<\/em> in those images.<\/p>\n

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 “Blue” Visible (0.47 \u00b5m, top), “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m, middle) and Near-Infrared “Vegetation” (0.86 \u00b5m, bottom) images [click to play animation]<\/p><\/div>A signature of the hail damage swath was also seen in Near-Infrared “Snow\/Ice” (1.61 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>) and Shortwave Infrared (3.9 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/a>) images (below)<\/strong><\/em>. The hail damage swath warmed more quickly on the 3.9 \u00b5m imagery — exhibiting a darker black appearance with time — compared to the adjacent fields of healthy crops.<\/p>\n

\"GOES-16<\/a>

GOES-16 “Red” Visible (0.64 \u00b5m, top), Snow\/Ice (1.61 \u00b5m, middle) and Shortwave Infrared (3.9 \u00b5m, bottom) images [click to play animation]<\/p><\/div>Why was the hail damage swath also seen on the 1.61 \u00b5m “Snow\/Ice” (Band 5) imagery? A look at the Spectral Response Functions for GOES-16 ABI\u00a0 bands 3, 4, 5 and 6 — plotted with the reflectance of asphalt, dirt, grass and snow (below)<\/strong><\/em> — show that the 1.61 \u00b5m Band 5 happens to cover a portion of the radiation spectrum where there is a minor peak in grass relectance (denoted by the green plot)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"Spectral<\/a>

Spectral Response Functions for GOES-16 ABI Bands 3, 4, 5 and 6, along with the reflectance of asphalt, dirt, grass and snow [click to enlarge]<\/p><\/div>\n

======================================================<\/p>\n

\"Aqua<\/a>

Aqua MODIS Land Surface Temperature product {click to enlarge]<\/p><\/div>\n

Regarding the warmer temperatures seen on GOES-16 Shortwave Infrared images, the 1-km resolution Aqua MODIS Land Surface Temperature product at 1738 UTC (above)<\/strong> <\/em>revealed a 10\u00ba F difference between the warmer hail damage swath (which appeared to be about 100 miles in length) and adjacent fields of undamaged crops. A similar result was noted on 03 July by NWS Aberdeen (below)<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
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Monitoring for fires using GOES-16 and noted area ~10F warmer than surroundings – dry\/dead crops from the 6\/22 Castlewood hailstorm #SDWX<\/a> pic.twitter.com\/d2AeYos84W<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2014 NWS Aberdeen (@NWSAberdeen) July 4, 2017<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n